Web based School

Telnet to the Internet

Chapter 19 Telnet to the Internet

Back in the old days, the only way to communicate with a computer was to "log on" as a user on the system and type away line by line. Compared to today's Web and other graphical interfaces, direct computer logons seem like they belong in the Smithsonian. But wait...

In this lesson, you find the answers to the following questions:

What is Telnet and how does it work?
How can I get Telnet to work with my Web browser?
Are different types of Telnet available?
What do I need to log on to a computer via Telnet?
What are some examples of Telnet sites and information?

Understanding Telnet

For you to understand what Telnet is, my explaining what it isn't might be easiest. When you use a Web browser, e-mail or newsgroup client, or just about any other application on the Internet, you never actually "see" what is on the computer you're connecting to. Instead, your client contacts the server, gets the information it needs, displays it on your screen, and then disconnects from the server.

Telnet is in fact just the opposite. Telnet requires that you actually be connected to the server computer at all times to maintain communication. In this environment, all interactions are conducted in a command-line environment where your communication and the server's responses appear in a text format, as shown in Figure 19.1.

New Term: Command-line environment: In this environment, you type text on a line, the server responds with text, you type in another command, and so on. These interfaces often require special commands and keystroke combinations to perform special functions.

Figure 19.1.

A Telnet session is about as Plain Jane as you can get.

Though Telnet sessions may not be much to look at, a wealth of information is available using Telnet. Many libraries, local bulletin board systems, and more are all available via Telnet connections. Once you know your way around Telnet, you may make it one of your standard Internet tools.

Telnetting from the Web

Because you must keep contact with the server at all times to maintain a Telnet connection, the standard Internet clients don't work. Instead, you must have a client that performs the necessary Telnet functions for you.

In addition, you may often run into Telnet sites while exploring Gopher or the World Wide Web. So, having your Web browser configured to call a Telnet client automatically whenever you click a Telnet link is also helpful.

The Flavors of Telnet

Before you can tell your Web browser which Telnet client to use, you need to have one first. Before you proceed, however, be aware that you will run into two types of Telnet: VT100 and TN3270.

You need to know two things about these different terminal protocols. First, each of these terminal types requires its own client. Second, be aware that VT100 is by far the most common terminal type in use, but TN3270 is a common terminal type for libraries to which you can telnet. Usually, a TN3270 client will connect to VT100 sites.

Before you set your browser to handle Telnet clients, you need to know where to get them:

VT100 clients: If you use Windows 95, you're in luck because a built-in VT100 Telnet client is located in c:\windows\telnet.exe. If you're using Windows 3.1, you need to get this client via FTP. A very good one is Yawtel (Yet Another Windows TELnet client), available through ftp://ftp.winsite.com/pub/pc/win3/winsock/. As of this writing, Yawtel was at version .9 (yawtel09.zip), but a later version may be available by the time you read this lesson. For Mac users, you can use NCSA's Telnet available at ftp://ftp.ncsa.edu/Mac/Telnet/Telnet2.7/2.7b4/. You can also use a new product called NiftyTelnet available at http://andrew2.andrew.cmu.edu/dist/niftytelnet.asp.
TN3270 clients: Whatever version of Windows you use, QWS3270 is a stable TN3270 client. You can download it from ftp://ftp.ccs.queensu.ca/pub/msdos/tcpip/qws3270.zip. For the Mac, you can use TN3270 available at ftp://mirror.apple.com/mirrors/Info-Mac.
Archive/comm/inet/tn3270-25b2.hqx.

After you install these clients on your hard drive, you're ready to tell your browser how to use them.

Helping Your Browser with Telnet

Configuring your browser to use these Telnet clients is a relatively easy process. You only need to find out where your browser is configured to use helper applications and then plug in the correct filename. The following steps show you how to configure Netscape Navigator 3.0 to use Telnet clients.

To Do: Configuring Netscape to Use Telnet

1. In Netscape, choose Options|General Preferences.

2. Click the Apps tab.

3. Click in the Telnet Application field. Then type in c:\windows\telnet.exe if you're using Windows 95 or the correct path and filename for any other Telnet client you're using.

4. Click in the TN3270 Application field and enter the correct path and filename for your TN3270 client. Your window should look something like the one shown in Figure 19.2.

5. Click OK, and you're ready to go.

Figure 19.2.

Netscape is easy to configure, so you can Telnet around the world effortlessly.

Internet Explorer is both easier and harder to configure than Netscape. For standard Telnet sessions, Explorer comes preconfigured. You have to do a little work, however, before it can handle TN3270 sessions.

To Do: Configuring Explorer to Use Telnet

1. In Explorer, choose View|Options.

2. Click the Programs tab, and then click the File Types button.

3. Scroll down in the resulting window until you see the URL:TN3270 Protocol item and double-click it.

4. Click the Edit button. Then either browse to find your TN3270 client, or enter it directly, as shown in Figure 19.3.

5. Click the OK and Close buttons until you return to the Internet Explorer window. You're now ready to go.

Figure 19.3.

The process takes awhile, but you can tell Explorer how to use TN3270.

Time Saver: If you enter a Telnet URL directly in the Location field of Internet Explorer, leave out the standard //. If you want to Telnet to here.there.com, for example, you simply type telnet:here.there.com.

No matter what browser you use, you should be able to Telnet to any machine in the world in a matter of minutes.

Telnet Essentials

Unlike other types of sites you'll encounter on the Web, you don't gain automatic entrance to Telnettable Internet sites. You're likely to encounter several general types of Telnet sessions on the Internet:

Freenets: These organizations offer limited bulletin board system-like access onto the Internet, although some Freenets offer no Internet access at all.
BBSs: Bulletin board systems contain information specific to the organizations that sponsor them. They are often similar to Freenets, except that they rarely offer any type of Internet access.
Libraries: Probably the most common type of Telnet site, library systems usually enable you to search an electronic card catalog for individual library resources.
MUDs and MOOs: MUDs (Multiuser Dungeons) and MOOs (MUDs-Object- Oriented) are sites that you can log on to with the specific purpose of playing a game, sharing information, or talking with other "mudders." Originally, these sites were created for playing dungeon-type games, but now many MUDs and MOOs are designed for sharing academic information and other more useful purposes.

These different types of sites require different information when you log on and use different commands once you're on. I cannot give exhaustive coverage of all you'll need to know here, but I can offer some general information.

Getting On

Libraries are really the only sites that often do not require any type of login or password information for you to get on. As for Freenets, BBSs, MUDs, and MOOs, the information they require is generally straightforward.

As a rule, you are required to enter a user ID, or login ID, and possibly a password. Most often, if you're visiting one of these sites for the first time, you can use a login ID of new, guest, or visitor.

Often, these IDs don't require a password. When a password is required, the login prompt tells you the information you need to give. Figure 19.4 shows a typical Telnet login screen.

Figure 19.4.

Most Telnet sites tell you what information they need before you log on.

As a visitor or new user, you are often asked to give your name and other personal information to become a registered user. Usually, you need to become a member of the site to gain access to many of the offered features.

Time Saver: Always look for a text link next to a Telnet session link. These links often give you information such as the login ID and password that you'll need to log on to the site. Most browsers also display a small dialog box informing you of any login ID you'll need to use before your Telnet client connects to the site.

Again, many libraries don't require any login at all. Of those that do, library (or an abbreviated form of the library's name) is usually requested. The Alma College Library in Michigan, for example, asks you to log on as aclib.

You will probably run into dozens of other login IDs, but you will generally be told what they are before you have to log on.

What to Do After You Get There

After you are on one of these sites, the choices of what you can do are almost endless. However, don't worry. As with login and password information, most Telnet sites offer help menus and self-explanatory directories that prompt you every step of the way.

If you're logged into a BBS, chances are you're using a Galacticom bulletin board. Galacticom is probably the most popular BBS, but they all work pretty much the same. Figure 19.5 shows a typical Galacticom BBS menu. Keep in mind, though, that even non-Galacticom boards look similar.

Figure 19.5.

A typical BBS looks much like the one shown here. Notice the self-explanatory menu items.

Many libraries are also similar to use. You can generally search them by a number of different criteria such as Subject and Author. Figure 19.6 shows a typical Telnettable library.

Figure 19.6.

Electronic libraries also give you explicit directions on how to use them.

MUDs and MOOs are a little trickier and require more practice to use. For more details on how MUDs operate, refer to the "Getting MUDdy" section later in this lesson.

Telnet Examples

Now you're ready to see some of these sites in action. The following sections give you some idea of what is available in the world of Telnet. Telnet may not be flashy, but it sure has some substance.

Using FedWorld

FedWorld, which contains a lot of information, is probably one of the biggest Telnettable BBSs around. The following section tells how to get to it.

To Do: Starting to Use FedWorld

1. Go to telnet://fedworld.gov and login as NEW.

2. You will be asked several questions about yourself, which you should answer. FedWorld will then leave you a piece of e-mail on your account with an attached user's manual.

3. After reading your mail, you come to the main menu.

4. From the main menu, select Option 1 to proceed to FedWorld.

5. Choose J to get a listing of Federal job openings.

6. From the next menu, choose Z to select jobs by state.

7. Select the option for whichever state you're interested in.

8. Feel free to browse around and search for a job. You may have to experiment a bit. As you can see in Figure 19.7, getting a Federal job may take awhile.

Figure 19.7.

If you're a qualified weapons assessor, this job's for you!

Getting MUDdy

Now take a look at the interactive world of MUDs and MOOs. These Telnettable sites offer all sorts of possibilities. For this example, you're going to look at Elendor, a MUD dedicated to "a literary and role-playing study of Tolkien's Middle Earth."

Point your browser to telnet://elendor.sbs.nau.edu. If you want to log on as a guest, type connect Nomad nomad. This way, you can wander to your heart's content. You can also create a character when you log on.

When you log on to one of these worlds, you should first look for login instructions, which often tell you where to go for help. In Elendor, for example, you are told to type WHO to find out who else is logged on.

Time Saver: In the world of MUDs, case matters. If you're trying to find out who is on, don't type who; type WHO.

Besides WHO, several other commands are common. QUIT enables you to leave the world you're in, and help gives you descriptions of different types of commands.

To Do: Getting Help with MUDs

1. Type help commands to get a listing of the commands available in the MUD. When you do, you'll see that one of the commands is pose.

2. If you're curious as to what this command actually does, type help pose to see a description like the one in Figure 19.8.

3. Look at the help for different commands. Focus mainly on the action commands because they are used most often.

Figure 19.8.

Now you know what the pose command does in a MUD.

In Figure 19.8, notice that several lines start with <Public>, followed by sentences. These lines represent the discussions that often occur in these worlds.

Time Saver: Probably the best way to find your way around is to ask somebody for help. In Elendor, you can use the page command. The command page Aragon=Can you help me?, for example, notifies the character logged on as Aragon that you would like some help. Generally, people in these worlds are more than happy to help if you are polite and sincere.

Using the rest of the commands is generally a matter of trial and error. Walk around, look at objects, go to rooms that have others in them, and just spend some time "mudding around." You may find yourself hooked.

Summary

You learned a lot of information about Telnet in this lesson. You learned that you can Telnet to different resources, such as BBSs, MUDs, and libraries. You also know that you can configure your browser to two types of Telnet--VT100 and TN3270--for automatic access.

You also learned how to log on to Telnet sessions and what to do after you get there. Finally, you looked at some examples of popular types of Telnet sessions.

Workshop

The following workshop helps solidify the skills that you learned in this lesson.

Q&A

Q I'm not real crazy about the Telnet client that comes with Windows 95. Are any others available?

A Quite a few are available--some better than others. For the definitive listing of Telnet clients to try, point your browser to http://www.shadow.net/tucows/term95.asp.

Q I use both Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer, and I'm having problems getting Telnet to work all the time. What should I do?

A First, make sure that they're both configured to handle Telnet correctly. Next, remember that Netscape Telnet URLs start with telnet:// or tn3270://, and Explorer's start with telnet: or tn3270:. If worse comes to worst, put your cursor over the Telnet link and make note of the domain name. Then you can manually open your Telnet client and connect to the site yourself.

Quiz

Take the following quiz to see how much you've learned.

Questions

1. Which of the following is not a Telnet type? (a) VT100

(b) Term63

TN3270
2. Web browsers cannot conduct Telnet sessions by themselves. (a) True

(b) False
3. Which of the following are popular implementations of Telnet? (a) MUDs

(b) Libraries

BBSs

(d) All the above

Answers

1. (b) Term63

2. (a) True. Browsers need Telnet clients to help them out.

3. (d) All the above

Activity

The next time you have an hour or so to while away, explore some of the virtual worlds of Telnet. As your starting point, go to gopher://spinaltap.micro.umn.edu:70/11/fun/Games/MUDs/Links/all. You also can use any of the search engines covered in Lesson 16, "Searching the Web for Virtually Anything," to search for MUDs or MOOs.